Start this article has been rated as startclass on the projects quality scale. Work out the local acceleration due to gravity with the help of a reversible pendulum. Its advantage is that, unlike previous pendulum gravimeters, the pendulums centre of gravity and center of oscillation do not have to be determined, allowing a greater accuracy. The kater s reversible pendulum is made of a rigid metal bar on which are inserted two massive discs m 1 and m 2 that can scroll along the bar and be fixed in different positions in order to change the position of center of gravity of the pendulum. Nov 23, 2017 how to do kater s pendulum experiment and the required readings for this practicle. The holes are located so that the two periods of oscillation are nearly equal.
Put the spirit level along a line joining the screw1 and screw 2 as shown in figure. The pendulum sits on one of two knifeedged pivots that is attached to the. But scotthansen thought that the strong ship frozen firmly into the drifting ice, or the ice itself, might possibly afford a sufficiently solid base for the pendulum apparatus, and decided to make some observations as an experiment. Consider a physical pendulum with two supports that lie along a line through the center of mass, as shown in figure 1.
The period is the same as an ideal simple pendulum isp. A special adaptation of the physical pendulum, known as katers reversible pendulum,1 is. To understand what he did, we will first look at simple pendula and then we will develop katers result. Fix the knife edge k 1 just below it keep the knife edge k 2 at the other end and fix the wooden weight w 2 symmetrical to other end. If the periods of swing of a rigid pendulum about two alternative points of support are the same, read more. Since at least 1965, the cavendish laboratory physics course included an experiment to measure g to better than 1 part in 10,000 using kater s pendulum. We describe a bessel pendulum for use in the teaching laboratory, and measurements of the local. Experiment katers reversible pendulum introduction. Be sure that the pendulum swings straight through the gate. G, such as in cavendishs original experiment described in the gravitational. Our pendulum therefore has three masses in addition to the basic support structure. The objective is to compare the value and accuracy of g using each pendulum in turn.
Jan 28, 2015 katers pendulum is a compound pendulum, in which the pendulums centre of gravity dont have to be determined, allowing greater accuracy. Kater s pendulum definition is a compound pendulum with adjustable knife edges placed respectively at the center of suspension and near the center of oscillation and used to determine acceleration of gravity by means of the period of oscillation. Kater knew that for the pendulum equation to be precise he needed to know the pendulum s moment of inertia. An absolute determination of the acceleration of gravity. The katers reversible pendulum is made of a rigid metal bar on which are inserted two massive discs m 1 and m 2 that can scroll along the bar and be fixed in different positions in order to change the position of center of gravity of the pendulum. The errors taken into account are just on the kater period t and.
The errors taken into account are just on the kater period t and the distance between the two pivot points l. The simple pendulum university of colorado boulder. It is able to swing from either of two mounting points and can be. The kater pendulum is a gravimeter, an instrument used to measure the acceleration of gravity anywhere on the planet. To determine the value of g by means of a katers pendulum. Katers reversible pendulum 1018466 instruction manual 0916 tldu 1 pendulum 2 stand 3 floor cover 1. The simple pendulum is a favorite introductory exercise because galileos experiments on pendulums in the early 1600s are usually regarded as the beginning of experimental physics. Katers pendulum amrita vishwa vidyapeetham virtual lab. Help with determining errors on katers pendulum experiment. Kater s pendulum should yield a value precise to three significant figures. Set up katers pendulum, making sure it swings freely. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Peters department of physics mercer university macon, georgia 31207 1 idealized kater pendulum consider a uniform rectangular pendulum as illustrated in figure 1.
The pendulum shown lying down, above is hung vertically and pivots on a knife edge that rests on glass. The actual experiment is based on the simple pendulum. The following formula is used for the determination of acceleration due to gravity g. One of the most important physical constants is g, the. Katers pendulum physics 258259 katers reversible pendulum is used to complete a precision measurement of the local acceleration of gravity in storrs connecticut. The kater s pendulum is used to measure the acceleration due to gravity more accurately. To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity and radius of gyration using bar pendulum. The principle of reversible katers pendulum and why its rod. Then it can be shown that this period is the period of a simple pendulum with. Accurate gravity measurements are possible by using katers pendulum. To plot a graph between the distance of the knifeedges from. Find out information about katers reversible pendulum. The goal of the exercise is to measure the acceleration due to gravity, g, with an accuracy approaching 1 part in 104.
The katers pendulum used in the instructional laboratories is diagramed below and its adjustments are described in setting it up. How to do katers pendulum experiment and the required readings for this practicle. Using a pendulum to teach experiment design and error analysis. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab. Katers pendulum konstantinos filippakos the use of katers. Kater s key breakthrough was to use a pendulum that could be swung from either of two pivots, located at opposite ends of the pendulum. It is a compound pendulum constructed on the principle that centre of oscillation and centre of suspension are interchangable. Nov 30, 2008 i would have thought the blades were sharpened so that it could rock back and forth smoothly, so it doesnt waste any energy.
Introduction katers pendulum consists of a long bar and two masses which are attached to the bar. The experiment of kater s reversible pendulum contains not only the principle basis of the pendulum, but also the concept of the angular moment of inertia of a rigid body, as well as the understanding of how to derive from a compound pendulum the relationship among the swing period, the amplitude, the angular moment of inertia, and the acceleration of gravity. Each of the sliding objects can be clamped in place on the rod. To determine an accurate value for g in the lab here in sheffield and compare it. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab request pdf.
The role of the pendulum in tertiary physics studies third year physics students are very familiar with certain aspects of. B6 katers reversible pendulum experiment katers reversible. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. An experiment based on the use of a simple pendulum to measure the local acceleration due to gravity can be. Suspend the pendulum about the knife edge 1 and take the time for about 10 oscillations. Determining the acceleration due to gravity with a simple. Using a pendulum to teach experiment design and error. View notes b6 katers reversible pendulum from phy 5 at university of toronto.
The combining of waves is called interference and waves are said to interfere. Turner apr 8, 2009 in 1817, british physicist henry kater developed a reversible pendulum which allows one to precisely measure the local acceleration due to gravity. When calibrated, it has the same oscillation period when suspended from either set of pivots. Safety instructions when carefully assembled and properly used, safety of experimenting with the reversible pendulum can be guaranteed. Edward sabine in 1823 with katers pendulum were part of. Find out information about kater s reversible pendulum. To provide a plane bearingsurface fortheglass, brass stripsarecut andsoldered. A katers pendulum is a reversible free swinging pendulum invented by british physicist and army captain henry kater in 1817 for use as a gravimeter instrument to measure the local acceleration of gravity. Katers pendulum, stopwatch, meter scale and knife edges. Katers innovation was to realize that, if one built an asymmetrical, doubleended pendulum as. The periods when the pendulum is swung from each of the pivots are recorded. The katers pendulum used in the instructional laboratories is diagramed below and its adjustments are described in the setting it up section.
Suppose the distances d1 and d2 are adjusted so that the periods around both supports are equal. Katers pendulum definition is a compound pendulum with adjustable knife edges placed respectively at the center of suspension and near the center of oscillation and used to determine acceleration of gravity by means of the period of oscillation. Combining these components, the angular motion can be expressed in the. Task 2 the experiment three pendulums are provided. A practical difficulty with the basic design shown in fig. Around 1817, henry kater used a reversable pendulum now called a katers pendulum to make extremely accurate measurements of the acceleration due to gravity to simplify a little.
There is, however, a possible risk of injury or damage to the pendulum if care is not taken. Request pdf bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab we. We present an experimental setup to demonstrate normal modes and symmetry breaking in a twodimensional pendulum. In 1817 the english physicist henry kater, building on the work of the german astronomer friedrich wilhelm bessel, was the first to use a reversible pendulum to make absolute measurements of g. Even today, under graduate physics majors do an experiment with a version of. Katers reversible pendulum mechanics oscillations objective work out the local acceleration due to gravity with the help of a reversible pendulum ue1050221 ue1050221 basic principles a reversible pendulum is a special design of a normal physical pendulum. It is this radius that is hard to measure precisely since it depends on the distribution of the mass in the pendulum. Shift the weight w 1 to one end of katers pendulum and fix it. Katers pendulum is a pendulum that consists of a steel arm with a length of about one and a half meters.
Measurement of the acceleration of gravity using katers pendulum. Mid this article has been rated as midimportance on the. The period for this arrangement can be proved 2 to be the same as that of a simple pendulum whose length l is the distance between the two knife edges. A gravity pendulum designed to measure the acceleration of gravity and consisting of a body with two knifeedge supports on opposite sides of the center of mass explanation of kater s reversible pendulum. In 1815, henry kater developed a reversible pendulum, with which he could make measurements of g to unprecedented accuracy. The principle of reversible katers pendulum and why its rods ends are pointed thread. The role of the pendulum in tertiary physics studies third year physics students are very familiar with certain aspects of pendulum behaviour. Katers pendulum should yield a value precise to three significant figures. Acceleration due to gravity g by bar pendulum object. Homework statement hey guys, so im doing the an exercise on the katers pendulum, to calculate g. This amounts to knowing the mass and the radius of gyration. Moreover, the pendulum is provided with wedgeshaped knives o 1 and o 2, so that we can hang it on a vertical rigid.
It has a large mass near the end on one side, and a small her mass near the other end. Bessel s improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab. Kater pendulum the pendulum can oscillate about a knife edge through either hole. In practice, the movable mass is divided into two or more elements to enable coarse and fine adjustment. A reversible pendulum is a special design of a normal physical pendulum. Langley physics department, university of massachusetts, amherst, massachusetts 01003 received 9 november 2000. Fy bsc physics question bank north maharashtra university. Since at least 1965, the cavendish laboratory physics course included an experiment to measure g to better than 1 part in 10,000 using katers pendulum. The simple pendulum is a favorite introductory exercise because galileo s experiments on pendulums in the early 1600s are usually regarded as the beginning of experimental physics.
For this reason, the pendulum was designed to have a period close to, but not exactly, 2 seconds. Improving precision and accuracy in the glab parker moreland, strawberry hill road, danbury, ct 06811. The experiment of katers reversible pendulum contains not only the principle basis of the pendulum, but also the concept of the angular moment of inertia of a rigid body, as well as the understanding of how to derive from a compound pendulum the relationship among the swing period, the amplitude, the angular moment of inertia, and the acceleration of gravity. The accurate measurement of g using kater s pendulum, u. Thus the first series of pendulum observations, which, to my knowledge, have ever been made over the sea, were. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab d. The principle of reversible katers pendulum and why its. Katers pendulum stuart field and eric hazlett abstract in this lab we will determine the value of the acceleration of gravity g by using a reversible pendulum.
Our experiment may be similar to one you have done in high school, however, the mathematical analysis will be more. Kater s innovation was to realize that, if one built an asymmetrical, doubleended pendulum as is shown schematically in fig. View notes b6 kater s reversible pendulum from phy 5 at university of toronto. Katers pendulum definition of katers pendulum by merriam.
Katers pendulum konstantinos filippakos the use of. Mercer university macon, georgia 31207 with the information provided in this article, students should be able to easily measure the acceleration of gravity to a few parts in tenthousand in one twohour laboratory period. Determining the acceleration due to gravity with a simple pendulum your name advanced undergraduate lab, department of physics and astronomy, university of utah, salt lake city, utah 84112 this is an example of a lab report associated with obtaining the acceleration due to gravity g and applying mathematical models. Feb 15, 2015 homework statement hey guys, so im doing the an exercise on the kater s pendulum, to calculate g. What is the angle of contact for a liquid, which partially wet the solid. The kater s pendulum used in the instructional laboratories is diagramed below and its adjustments are described in the setting it up section.
The beauty of this experiment is that it allows us, using relatively simple apparatus, to measure a physical quantity very accurately indeedwe hope, to within a few parts in 10,000. Kater knew that for the pendulum equation to be precise he needed to know the pendulums i. Galileo observed also that as nearly as he could judge, using his pulse as a chronometer, a pendulum made oscillations in equal intervals of time regardless of the amplitude. What happens when two drops of liquids merge to form a single drop. Reversible katers pendulum harvard natural sciences. Mar 24, 2010 when calibrated, it has the same oscillation period when suspended from either set of pivots. The general formula of the time period for bar pendulum is given by following equation.
Katers pendulum is a compound pendulum, in which the pendulums centre of gravity dont have to be determined, allowing greater accuracy. Measurement of the acceleration of gravity using katers. The reversible pendulum kater s pendulum has two pivot points on opposite sides of the centre of gravity from which the pendulum can be suspended as shown in fig. Note down spectrometer readings from any one windows for different spectral.
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